• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention provides a low-energy coastal beach restoration method, comprising: constructing a convex beach berm, determining an aspect ratio of the beach berm edge, determining a beach face slope, performing sand replenishment, determining the dredging zone and dredging depth, and determining the steps of building a sediment groin. The present invention utilizes the feature of the convergence effect of the wave energy on the headland, artificially constructs a convex headland shaped beach berm, and determines the required beach face range and slope according to the convex beach berm edge. During beach restoration, dredging around the beach face, while reducing mud sources and increasing the nearshore water depth, it also builds a convex nearshore terrain, which effectively increases the wave energy at the restoration site and improves the coast muddy situation of low-energy coasts.
    公开号:NL1043854A
    申请号:NL1043854
    申请日:2020-11-30
    公开日:2022-01-28
    发明作者:Zheng Jixiang；Liu Jianhui；Qi Hongshuai；Lei Gang；Cai Feng；Zhu Jun；Zheng Jinhai；Cao Huimei；Zhang Chi
    申请人:Third Institute Of Oceanography Mini Of Natural Resources；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ref.: P 2020 NL 019 TITLE: Low-energy coastal beach restoration method Technical Field The present invention relates to the technical field of coastal restoration, in particular to a low-energy coastal beach restoration method. Background The beach is one of the most valuable areas in the coastal zone and a valuable tourist resource in the coastal area. A total of 18,000 kilometers of coastline along the coast of China, there are some coasts with small perennial wave heights, these coasts are called low-energy coasts. On low-energy coasts, beach resources are often scarce. Due to poor beach activity in low-energy environments, mud particles are easy to deposit and the sand-silt boundary is high, resulting in serious beach muddy, so it is extremely difficult to maintain artificial beaches on low-energy coasts. The fundamental reason for the difficulty of maintaining low-energy beaches lies in the low wave energy.
    At present, beach restoration in China is often through the construction of " Static Ria Coast ". The beach shapes are mostly concave structures. This design is conducive to the stability of the beach. For low-energy beaches, the beaches are usually stable but muddy beaches are often more serious. The muddy beaches seriously reduce the quality of the beach. The existing technology of "Static Ria Coast" maintenance methods can hardly alleviate the muddy beaches of low-energy coastal phenomenon.
    Summary The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-energy coastal beach restoration method to solve the serious technical problem of sand mudification on the low-energy coastal in the existing beach restoration technology.
    In order to achieve the above objective, the technical solution of the present invention provides a low-energy coastal beach restoration method, including the following steps: constructing a convex beach berm outer edge line, comprising determining a trend direction and an aspect ratio of the beach berm outer edge line to be restored according to a shape and a direction of an original coastline and a main wave direction of an adjacent sea area; determining a beach face slope and performing sand replenishment, comprising determining a beach face and the beach face slope outside the beach berm outer edge line, determining a sand replenishment area based on the beach face and beach face slope, and performing sand replenishment.
    Further, in the step of constructing a convex beach berm outer edge line, a line connecting two end points of the beach berm outer edge line is perpendicular to the main wave direction, and an angle between the normal direction of the beach berm outer edge line and the main wave direction is less than 10°.
    Further, in the step of constructing the convex beach berm outer edge line, the aspect ratio of the beach berm outer edge line is a/b, wherein a is a difference value between the maximum beach berm width and the minimum beach berm width, and b is a distance between two ends of a repaired sandy shoreline, and a/b is in the range of 0.05 to 0.1. Further, in the step of determining the beach face slope and performing sand replenishment, the beach face slope is in the range of 1:50 to 1:200.
    Further, in the step of determining the beach face slope and performing sand replenishment, the slope of the profile in the middle of the beach is the smallest, and the closer to both sides of the beach face, the slope gradually increases.
    Further, it further comprises the following steps: determining a dredging zone and a dredging depth comprising dredging outside of a sand replenishment area and the outer edge of the beach face, combining a thickness of a silt layer and an original water depth to determine the dredging depth, and a near-shore isobath after dredging being a convex structure.
    Further, in the step of determining the dredging zone and the dredging depth, a central convex area of the dredging zone is defined within 200m to 500m seaward from an outer boundary line of the sand replenishing area, and both sides of the dredging zone are defined within 100m to 300m seaward from the boundary line of the sand replenishing area.
    Further, it further comprises the following steps: building a sediment groin (i.e. sediment barrier) on both sides of the sand replenishment area.
    Further, two sediment groins on both sides are inclined, and an angle between the sediment groin and the shoreline is in the range of 50° to 80°.
    Further, an elevation of the sediment groin gradually decreases from a side close to the shoreline toward sea, and the elevation of the sediment groin is 0.5m to
    1.0 m higher than an elevation of the beach profile.
    The beneficial effects of the low-energy coastal beach restoration method provided by the present invention are:
    1. By using the characteristics of the convergence gathering of the wavy headland, a protruding headland-shaped beach berm outer edge line is artificially constructed, and the required beach surface range and beach slope are determined according to the convex beach berm outer edge line and sand replenishment is also made, thus constructing a convex nearshore terrain. This technology can effectively increase the wave energy at the restoration location, and has the effect of converging the wave energy, thereby improving the muddy situation of the beach on the low- energy coast.
    2. During beach restoration, dredging around the beach surface increases the water depth near the shore. The increase in water depth can reduce the energy dissipation caused by the friction at the bottom of the wave, and can also reduce the mud source to a certain extent. It also helps to reduce the muddy beaches, and builds a convex shape of the nearshore terrain, which is conducive to wave refraction and guides more wave energy to converge on the beach surface, thereby improving the muddy situation of low-energy coasts.
    3. A sediment groin is set up at outside of the sand replenishment area. The inclined sand groin not only helps to maximize the convergence effect of wave energy, but also ensures the stability of the beach and avoids the spread of the beach to both sides.
    Brief Description of the Drawings In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the specific embodiments or the accompanying drawings needed in the description of the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.
    Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of the low-energy coastal beach restoration method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the low-energy coastal beach structure after construction of the low-energy coastal beach restoration method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
    Reference signs:
    1. beach berm edge; 2. beach face; 3. dredging zone; 4. sediment groin.
    Detailed Description The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
    In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the pointed device or element must have a specific orientation or a specific orientation. The structure and operation cannot therefore be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
    In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "installation", "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited. For example, they may be fixed or detachable connection or integral connection; or they may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; or they may be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or they may be an internal communication between two components. For those ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.
    In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as there is no conflict therebetween.
    5 Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 together, the low-energy coastal beach restoration method provided by the present invention will now be described. The low- energy coastal beach restoration method includes the following steps: S1. a convex beach berm edge 1 is constructed, comprising determining a trend direction and an aspect ratio of the beach berm edge 1 to be restored according to a shape and a direction of an original coastline and a main wave direction of an adjacent sea area. The direction of the beach berm edge 1 is a convex structure that protrudes toward the side away from the shoreline. The line connecting two end points of the beach berm edge 1 is perpendicular to the main wave direction, and an angle between the normal direction of the beach berm edge 1 and the main wave direction is less than 10°. S2. the aspect ratio of the beach berm edge 1 is determined, the aspect ratio of the beach berm edge 1 is a/b, wherein a is a difference value between the maximum beach berm width and the minimum beach berm width, and b is a distance between two ends of a restored sandy shoreline, and a/b is in the range of 0.05 to
    0.1. Among them, the maximum beach berm width, the minimum beach berm width, and the distance between the two ends of the sandy shoreline adopt the same distance unit, that is Meter.
    S3. the beach face slope is determined and sand replenishment is performed. In order to increase the effective wave height at the front of beach face 2 during beach restoration in weak-power sea areas or low-energy coasts, the slope of beach 2 needs to be greatly reduced, and the beach face slope 2 needs to be controlled between 1:50 and 1:200. Among them, the slope of the profile in the middle of the beach is the smallest, and the closer to both sides of the beach face, the slope gradually increases to ensure that the beach has a gradual smooth shape on both sides of the central convex. After determining the slope of the beach face 2, the sand replenishment zone based on the current beach and coastline conditions is determined, and the sand is replenished in the sand replenishment zone, thus forming a convex beach face 2. S4. a dredging zone 3 and a dredging depth is determined, comprising dredging a sand replenishment area and the outer edge of the beach face 2,
    combining a thickness of a silt layer and an original water depth to determine the dredging depth, and a near-shore isobath after dredging being a convex structure. Among them, during dredging, not only does the silt in the sand replenishment area have to be dredged, but also the silt outside of the sand replenishment area has to be removed to increase the water depth near the shore and reduce the energy dissipation caused by wave bottom friction. Among them, a central convex area of the dredging zone 3 is defined within 200m to 500m seaward from an outer boundary line of the sand replenishing area, and both sides of the dredging zone 3 are defined within 100m to 300m seaward from the boundary line of the sand replenishing area. Thus, a convex nearshore isobath is formed. The specific dredging depth should be determined by combining the thickness of the silt layer and the original water depth. This technology is conducive to wave refraction and guides more wave energy to converge on the beach face 2. S5. a sediment groin 4 is built on both sides of the sand replenishment area. The sediment groin 4 is used to increase the convergence effect of waves. Among them, the sediment groin 4 on both sides adopts the outer-eight structure and is arranged obliquely to the shoreline. Preferably, the angle between the sediment groin 4 and the shoreline is 50° to 80°. Preferably, an elevation of the sediment groin 4 gradually decreases from a side close to the shoreline toward sea, and the elevation of the sediment groin 4 is
    0.5m to 1.0 m higher than an elevation of the beach profile. That is, the height of the sediment groin gradually decreases from the shore to the sea, and the height of the sediment groin 4 is 0.5 to 1.0 m higher than the profile height of the beach face 2, which can mainly block the sand in the sand replenishment area, avoid the spread of the beach towards both sides, and increase the effect of wave convergence.
    Through the low-energy coastal beach restoration method provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a convex headland-shaped beach berm edge 1 can be constructed by artificial means in a low-energy environment where beach activities are poor, mud particles are easy to deposit, and the boundary between sand and mud is high; and according to the convex beach berm edge 1, the required range and slope of the beach face 2 are determined and sand is supplemented, so as to construct a convex nearshore terrain, which can improve the muddy condition of the low-energy coast, effectively improve the waves at the restoration location, and has the effect of converging wave energy.
    Dredging around beach face 2 increases the water depth near the shore. The increase in water depth can reduce the energy dissipation caused by wave bottom friction, and can also reduce the mud source to a certain extent, and is helpful to reduce the muddy beaches, and build a convex-shaped nearshore terrain, which is conducive to wave refraction and guides more wave energy to converge on beach face 2.
    By setting the sediment groin 4, the inclined sediment groin 4 not only helps to maximize the convergence effect of wave energy, but also ensures the stability of the beach and avoids the spread of the beach to both sides.
    In other embodiments of the present invention, the line connecting the end points on both sides of the beach berm edge 1 may not be accurately perpendicular to the main wave direction due to processing errors; however, it needs to be as perpendicular as possible, and the angle between the normal direction of the beach berm edge 1 and the main wave direction can also be slightly greater than 10° depending on the terrain conditions.
    For the slope of beach face 2, in traditional beach restoration, the slope of the construction profile is usually controlled between 1:5 and 1:10. The construction profile can be adjusted to a balanced profile under the action of wave dynamics, but at low-energy coast, in order to increase the effective wave height in front of beach face 2, the slope of beach face 2 needs to be greatly reduced. Therefore, the slope of beach face 2 is 1:50 to 1:200. According to actual conditions and specific needs, the slope of beach face 2 can also be greater than 1:200.
    In other embodiments of the present invention, according to actual conditions and specific needs, the dredging zone 3 can also be expanded to 500m beyond the outer boundary line of the sand replenishment area facing the overseas; both sides of the dredging zone 3 are defined within 300m seaward from the boundary line of the sand replenishing area; there is no need to set the sediment groin 4, or the inclination angle of the sediment groin 4 is below 50° or above 80°. The elevation of the sediment groin 4 can also be set to different heights according to specific needs.
    There are no unique restrictions.
    In other embodiments of the present invention, according to actual conditions and specific needs, if the amount of sand on the beach is sufficient, there is no need for more sand supplementation or separate sand supplementation operations. If the silt deposition is not serious, dredging may not be required, and there is no need to make a special dredging as to the dredging area 3. Among them, setting sand groins 4 on both sides of the restoration area is to increase the effect of wave aggregation, and other wave aggregation structures can also be set, and there is no unique specific limitation here.
    Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples for clear description, and are not intended to limit the implementation mode. For those ordinary skill in the art, other modifications or alterations in different forms can be made on the basis of the above description. There is no need and cannot give an exhaustive list of all implementation methods. The obvious modifications or alterations derived from this are still within the protection scope created by the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A method for a reconstruction of a low-energy coastal beach, characterized by: constructing a convex beach berm edge, comprising determining a trend direction and an aspect ratio of the beach berm edge to be reconstructed according to a shape and a direction of an original coastline and a main wave direction of an adjacent sea area; determining a front slope and performing sand nourishment, comprising determining a beach front and the front slope outside the beach berm edge, determining a sand nourishment area based on the beach front and front slope and performing sand nourishment.
    [2]
    Method for a reconstruction of a low-energy coastal beach according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step of constructing a convex beach berm edge, a line connecting two end points of the beach berm edge is perpendicular to the main wave direction and an angle between the normal direction of the beach verge and the main wave direction is less than 10°.
    [3]
    The method for a reconstruction of a low-energy coastal beach according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step of constructing the convex beach berm edge, the aspect ratio of the beach berm edge is a/b, wherein a is a difference value between the maximum beach berm width and is the minimum beach berm width and b is a distance between two ends of a reconstructed sandy coastline and a/b is in the range of 0.05 to 0.1.
    [4]
    A method for a reconstruction of a low-energy coastal beach according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step of determining the beach slope and performing sand nourishment, the beach slope is in the range of 1:50 to 1:200.
    [5]
    Method for a reconstruction of a low-energy coastal beach according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step of determining the beach slope and performing sand nourishment, the slope of the profile in the center of the beach is smallest and closer to both sides of the beach front the slope gradually increases.
    [6]
    Method for a reconstruction of a low-energy coastal beach according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises: determining a dredging zone and a dredging depth, comprising dredging outside a sand nourishment area, combining of a thickness of a silt layer and an original water depth to determine the dredging depth and where a depth line close to the coast has a convex structure after dredging.
    [7]
    Method for a reconstruction of a low-energy coastal beach according to claim 6, characterized in that in the step of determining the dredging zone and the dredging depth, a central convex region of the dredging zone is defined within 200 m to 500 m seaward from an outer boundary line of the sand replenishment area and both sides of the dredging zone are defined within 100 m to 300 m seaward from the boundary line of the sand replenishment area.
    [8]
    A method of reconstruction of a low-energy coastal beach according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises: building a sediment breakwater on both sides of the sand replenishment area.
    [9]
    The method of reconstruction of a low-energy coastal beach according to claim 8, wherein two sediment breakwaters are oblique on both sides and an angle between the sediment breakwater and the shoreline is in the range of 50° to 80°.
    [10]
    A method of reconstruction of a low-energy coastal beach according to claim 9, characterized in that a height of the sediment breakwater gradually decreases from a side close to the shoreline towards the sea and the height of the sediment breakwater is 0.5 m to 1 .0 m higher than a beach profile height.
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    同族专利:
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    CN111877249A|2020-11-03|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CN202010561806.3A|CN111877249B|2020-06-18|2020-06-18|Low-energy coast beach restoration design method|
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